Protocols for Assessing Transformation Rates of Nitrous Oxide in the Water Column

Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is a potent greenhouse gas and an ozone destroying substance. Yet, clear step-by-step protocols to measure N O transformation rates in freshwater marine environments are still lacking, challenging inter-comparability efforts. Here we present detailed currently used by leading experts the field water-column production consumption both other aquatic environments. We example 15 N-tracer incubation experiments as well templates calculate rates. discuss important considerations recommendations regarding (1) precautions prevent oxygen (O ) contamination during low-oxygen anoxic incubations, (2) preferred bottles stoppers, (3) procedures for addition, (4) choice of fixative. finally data reporting archiving. expect these will make N-labeled rate measurements more accessible wider community facilitate future inter-comparison between different laboratories.